Strategy and Tactics of the Hundred Years War

As it was fought for longer than a hundred years, it’s no surprise that the strategy and tactics used by all sides in the Hundred Years War evolved over time, creating two very different eras. What we see is an early English tactic proving successful, before technology and warfare changed to a French one becoming dominant. In addition, the aims of the English may have stayed focused on the French throne, but the strategy to achieve this was starkly different under two great monarchs. Early English Strategy: Slaughter When Edward III led his first raids into France, he was not aiming to take and hold a series of strongpoints and regions. Instead the English led raid after raid called a ‘chevauchà ©e’. These were missions of pure murder, designed to devastate a region by killing crops, animals, people and destroying buildings, windmills and other structures. Churches and people were plundered then put to the sword and fire. Huge numbers died as a result, and wide areas became depopulated. The aim was to cause such damage that the French wouldn’t have as many resources, and would be forced to negotiate or give battle to stop things. The English did take important sites in Edward’s era, such as Calais, and small lords fought a constant battle against rivals for land, but the strategy of Edward III and leading nobles was dominated by chevauchà ©es. Early French Strategy King Philip VI of France first decided to refuse giving a pitched battle, and allow Edward and his followers to roam, and this caused Edward’s first ‘chevauchà ©e’s to cause great damage, but to drain the English coffers and be declared failures. However, the pressure the English were exerting led to Philip changing strategy to engage Edward and crush him, a strategy his son John followed, and this led to the battles of Crà ©cy and Poitiers were larger French forces were destroyed, John even being captured. When Charles V went back to avoiding battles – a situation his now decimated aristocracy agreed with – Edward went back to wasting money on increasingly unpopular campaigns which led to no titanic victory. Indeed, the Great Chevauchà ©e of 1373 marked an end to large scale raiding for morale. Later English and French Strategy: Conquest When Henry V fired the Hundred Years War back into life, he took a totally different approach to Edward III: he came to conquer towns and fortresses, and slowly take France into his possession. Yes, this led to a great battle at Agincourt when the French stood and were defeated, but in general the tone of the war became siege after siege, continuous progress. The French tactics adapted to fit: they still generally avoided great battles, but had to counter siege to take the land back. Battles tended to result from contested sieges or as troops moved to or from sieges, not on long raids. As we shall see, the tactics affected the victories. Tactics The Hundred Years War began with two large English victories stemming from tactical innovations: they tried to take defensive positions and field lines of archers and dismounted men at arms. They had longbows, which could shoot faster and farther than the French, and many more archers than armoured infantry. At Crà ©cy the French tried their old tactics of cavalry charge after cavalry charge and were cut to pieces. They tried to adapt, such as at Poitiers when the whole French force dismounted, but the English archer proved a battle winning weapon, even to Agincourt when a new generation of Frenchman had forgotten earlier lessons.If the English won key battles earlier in the war with archers, the strategy turned against them. As the Hundred Years War developed into a long series of sieges, so archers became less useful, and another innovation came to dominate: artillery, which could give you benefits in a siege and against packed infantry. Now it was the French who came to the fore, because they had better artillery, and they were in the tactical ascendance and matched the demands of the new strategy, and they won the war.br/>

A Brief Look at the Industrial Revolution - 1130 Words

The Industrial Revolution began in 19th century England and eventually spread to Belgium, France, Germany, the United States and Japan. It was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, due to the Agrarian Revolution and new technology; it altered the way people lived. The Industrial Revolution, a major turning point in world history, began in England because of the important pre existing economic abundance of natural resources that fueled industry, the agricultural revolution which provided the availability of workers by lessening the need for farmers, and the technological innovations made in England. The mixture of new technology and already existing resources that benefited the economy gave rise to the revolution having its start in England. The Agricultural or Agrarian Revolution is just one aspect of the start of the Industrial Revolution in England. It was a period where farming turned into a new, improved industry with the inventions and techniques that reduced the amount of labor needed for food production. For example, Jethro Tull invented the horse-drawn seed drill that planted seeds in a straight row; stock breeding by Robert Blakewell improved quality of animals to produce more meat, milk, and wool; and the addition of the mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick made grain harvesting easier [Document # 7]. Even Arthur Young, a campaigner for the improvement of agricultural worker conditions, believes that the Enclosure Acts along with the introduction ofShow MoreRelatedSecond Industrial Revolution1000 Words   |  4 PagesSecond US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 Darris Adkins Abstract In this brief paper, a description of two developments of industrialization that positively affected the United States and two developments that negatively affected the United States will be discussed. An analysis of whether or not industrialization was generally beneficial or detrimental to the lives of Americans and the history of the United States will be outlined. Second US Industrial Revolution, 1870 -1910 In this briefRead MoreImpact Of The Industrial Revolution On Capitalism And The Contemporary Society Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of the Industrial Revolution on Capitalism and the Contemporary Society, When looking into the past during the Industrial Revolution, there were many cause and effect events that occurred, the Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many, these changes in society were caused by the innovations of the time period, and the need for a more productive environment. There was a movement from an agricultural society to a manufacturing society; these changes affected the family’s abilityRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1577 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization – ever changing the face and heartbeat of our society and the world in which we live – since the Industrial Revolution began in Britain (from 1760 until sometime between 1820 and 1840). The improvement of business acquisitions and evolution of trade were essential to the Industrial Revolution. Most of the British population lived in the countryside, in small villages, and interacted closely within their family unit and work. Industrialization, however , drastically altered theRead MoreEssay on Women in the Second Industrial Revolution1055 Words   |  5 PagesSecond Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution had a major impact on womens lives. After being controlled fro so long women were experiencing what it was like to live an independent life. In the late nineteenth century women were participating in a variety of experiences, such as social disabilities confronted by all women, new employment patterns, and working class poverty and prostitution. These experiences will show how women were perceived in the Second Industrial RevolutionRead MoreThe Unprecedented Success Of Revolution1594 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization HU-103 May 7, 2017 The Unprecedented Success of Revolution No one has ever changed the world by doing what the world has told them to do. In fact, many of our recent inventions, rights, political systems, and comforts have come into existence through the sweats and tears of revolution, an often chaotic and transformative event that attempts to change a nation, society, or world. And though it can be argued that revolution results in the bloodshed of masses, it is imperative to understandRead More1. The Citation Is:. Indusrial Revolution Overview. Youtube.1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe citation is: Indusrial Revolution Overview. Youtube. N.p., 18 Nov. 2011. Web. 1 Mar. 2017. . The video is about the Industrial Revolution time period. 2. This video was found in the chapter 20 video selection at the bottom of the study guide. 3. What is the geographic setting and historical time period? The setting took place in European countries, such as England as well as in North America during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Industrial Revolution immensely changed societyRead MoreThe Hungry Workshop, By Graphic Designers, Simon And Jenna Hipgrave1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthree sectors. The first is providing letterpress printing as a service, the second is design projects for clients on projects such as branding, packaging and invitations, and the third is self initiated studio projects such as fulfilling their own brief, working on collaborative works, or curate exhibitions. With each project that is completed, the studio maintains key values that underline the process that include ‘hold(ing) in equal regard the process and craftsmanship’ while ‘exploring the boundariesRead MoreInflation Is The Rise Of Priced Goods And The Fall Of Value Of Money989 Words   |  4 Pages Economists look for the decrease of it. Question 2: In the video, â€Å"Hans Rosling’s 200 Countries, 200 years†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the authors of the video describe how factors affect world economic growth. In 1810, Hans Rosling describes how most countries were poor and sick. Many did not live to be 40 years old. The richest countries during this time were the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. These two countries were still pretty poor although they were considered rich. The Industrial Revolution allowed countriesRead MoreWhat Is Valuating The Unusual?993 Words   |  4 Pageseach other, especially in the economy of the United States. The industrial practices create expansionism, which leads to having a greater availability of products and business competition. Since the birth of the Industrial Revolution, Americans have strived to be more and more productive by creating policies that allow then to implement the best practices to innovate. The success of American movements like the Industrial Revolution and earlier movements lay not in the goods they produced, but theRead MoreEssay on Industrial Revolution1313 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1) What was the industrial revolution? When did it occur? How did industrialisation lead to the creation of the design profession? How was the industrial manufacturing of making products new and what role did the designer play in creating new products? The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. (www.history.com 2013-08-22) Prior to this the manufacture of

Legal Parenthood Is Not Enough For The Children Of Same...

Parent by choice, if not genetics: Why the extension of the marital presumption of legitimacy is not enough for the children of same sex couples. I. Introduction What does it mean to be a parent, or more specifically, how do we define who is a parent legally? Is it the person who provides the genetic materials that form the child’s make up? Until recently, legal parenthood was, for the most part, synonymous with biological parenthood. (Duncan 1). Marriage had largely gone hand and hand with this assumption, and been blessed by the courts with a presumption of legitimacy regarding the child’s parentage. This longstanding presumption, that the wife’s husband is the father of her child is likely born of a common-sense assumption that the husband is likely to be the biological father, at least insofar as one assumes the integrity of the marital relationship. With the advent of adoption, a new means of establishing legal parenthood was born, one allowing the parental rights of the biological parents to be extinguished in favor of granting said rights to others who intend to assume those roles. However, this too has tended to follow the original framework, known as the nuclear family, which consists of a mother, father and their dependent children. (Bartlett note 1). This family unit had long been the preferred social unit in our society, presumably exclusive to married heterosexual couples, or barring that, the biological parents and dependent children. (Bartlett 1). RelianceShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage- A Controversial Topic1074 Words   |  4 Pagesmarriage has been a controversial topic that is highly debated all around the globe, containing many of its own varying viewpoints and beliefs on both sides of the argument. Those who oppose same-sex marriage believe that it is a sacred bond that can only be kept sacred between a man and a woman, and that same-sex marriage will ruin the sanctity of marriage. Also, if gay marriage is allowed they believe that it will open the door to other non-traditional relationships to be accepted such as polygamyRead MoreHow My View on Gay Marriage Changed902 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States. The right of marriage between man and man or woman and woman is one of the most controversial debates in the history of America. On several locations around the globe, fore an example in europe, gay marriage is a legal act. But should homosexuals have the same rights as â€Å"normal† people when it comes to marria ge? A lot of different reasons why gays should not be able to get married, have occurred in this discussion. Also people around the States walk the streets, demonstrating pro andRead MoreNurture over Nature: the Benefits of Having Same Sex Parents1205 Words   |  5 PagesNurture Over Nature: The Benefits Of Having Same Sex Parents Stephanie Cuellar COM170 March 21, 2013 Nick Courtright Nurture Over Nature: The Benefits Of Having Same Sex Parents Many people from older generations argue that same sex parenting is an abomination resisting any other insight into what is truly best for children. But it is true that hundreds of thousands of children are placed in foster care awaiting their forever families, and these children should not be denied a permanent familyRead MoreSame sex marriage is one of the most controversial issues happening in the world today. The time700 Words   |  3 Pages Same sex marriage is one of the most controversial issues happening in the world today. The time has come to think on a deeper level and grasp that a wedding is a ceremony to give ourselves to the one we love. These marriages can happen because we live in a great country that gives us personal freedom. In no other place are citizens promised justice and the pursuit of happiness, but, a growing percentage of our population is not fairly represented. Homosexual people deserve the same respect, dignityRead MoreReasons For Adopting Children From Foster Homes1392 Words   |  6 Pagesworld there’s a huge population of children in foster homes. Why not give LGBT people the chance to adopt. They probably want to raise a child or even children of there own today or someday. The LGBs community overpowers the foster care community. Therefore, LGBs people should be able to adopt children from foster care. LGBs community should be allowed to adopt because they nurture the neediest, they foster tolerance, and they choose the responsibility to have children, despite the fact it goes againstRead MoreHomosexuality Is Genetic Or Merely A Learning Process?1697 Words   |  7 Pagesthe homosexuality in people’s life, but at the same time look at the perspective of adopting, parenting, and the outcome of children with homosexual parents. We are also going to look at polls in which the people have a say of what is â€Å"right and wrong† with a homosexual couple, and the debate wither homosexuality couples have the right too parent children and even adopt children, and is the government braking there rights to adopt and parent a children? However my perspective of a partnership is manRead MoreTrends in Family Formation Supporting Same Sex Marriage 1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe belief that they were the ideal type of family set up. However, the trends in family formation today are changing as a growing number of families are experiencing several challenges su ch as divorce, single parent situations, financial problems, legal battles over custody and wealth and infidelity, among other challenges. These have caused young people to question whether the traditional way of doing things is practical in the twenty first century and many do not intend on following their parents’Read More The History of Marriage and Family is Changing Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesand Family is Changing Things have changed a great deal from the Puritanical beliefs integrated long ago that said people must have a license in order to live together. Now, blended families are commonplace and marriages between people of the same sex are a reality. The history of marriage and family is actually filled with a variety of thought quite foreign to say, the average American. Marriage was often an agreement of practicality, arranged to provide a linkage between family fortunes. TheRead MoreA New Era Of Freedom And Liberty1849 Words   |  8 Pageswilling to reflect upon our traditions. But when questions and challenges come to some most sensitive and unquestionable thing deep down at the bottom line of human nature, the whole society could shake. What I am going to talk about is such thing as same-sex marriage. Since the end of World War II, society has been giving more and more space for homosexuals as compromise for their hard struggle for equal rights. Homosexuals were once discriminated and persecuted, even by the police. But since StonewallRead MoreHomosexuality as a Deviance The view that homosexuality is deviant allows society to discriminate against certain people.1602 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered gay. Homophobia restricts the lives of both gay and straight people. Laws against homosexual behaviors have been very punitive. In the American colonies homosexuals were put to death by burning or drowning. Sodomy, which is oral or anal sex, was against the law in the United States until 1961. Illinois became the first state to repeal the sodomy laws. Now only 13 states continue to have sodomy laws. Even though these laws apply to all segments of the population, they are usually enforced

Poverty A Problem That Affects Everyone Who Deals With...

Introduction: Poverty a worldwide problem that affects everybody who deals with the situation. People living in poverty are at the lowest of the lowest in the social, economic and political class. Another word for poverty is the slums. In today’s world there is an estimate of three-billion people that live in poverty. The average poverty person live off of just $2.50 a day. One third of the people that live in poverty are children. Over twenty-two thousand children die due to poverty. People lose their everyday life due to living in poverty. Those are just some facts that gave me interest on this topic to see a sense of understanding of it. The number one killer in the world today is hunger. The way the world is set up, nobody should die from hunger. There is a way provide food for the people in poverty. I personally feel that with some effort as nation, the United Nations can stop world hunger. Farming and manufacturing is too efficient to have people go without food. Instead of having wars on materialistic things in search of power, we should be helping people in need instead letting people lose their life due to hunger. Similarity: â€Å"Christianity is a monotheistic religion that is based on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus† (Fisher302). This religion is currently the largest religion in the world with a population over 2.4 billion followers are currently known as Christians. In Christianity, poverty living could potentially bring a since of humble lifeShow MoreRelatedPoverty Is A Problem Of Poverty1398 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty has been one problem that all societies have had to deal with in some form or another. Poverty is a complex issue that has many different aspects that affect the people involved. The complexity of it is why it has been a difficult problem for people to solve. The negative stigma associated with poverty is one of the most difficult aspects to change. With enough education and knowledge, poverty will one day be a problem of the past. Many people have different opinions on what poverty meansRead MorePoor Living Conditions Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesIndia Belton Essay 2 English 1010 July 27, 2013 Professor Long Poor Living Conditions Affects Children While most people live their day to day life, there are some children living in poverty. Living in these types of living conditions can influence the mental health of a child. Children living in poor quality environments can be a lasting effect on their life. Adults are often affected by poor living conditions because of the financial strain on them; not being able to provide for their familiesRead MoreWhat Causes The Causes Poverty? Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesEssay1 What Causes Poverty? Everybody is wondering why people are suffering from this kind of global issue? It is a severe case that takes over the world and kills the victims whom suffer from it. We should first know that this situation can be enhanced during the time. Undoubtedly it is poverty which is a state of being extremely poor. Subsequently, it is one of the most unsolved issues today. It leads into a bad condition. So, there are three major points that causes this situation. First, the lackRead MoreWhy Do People Become Homelss1750 Words   |  7 Pagesto you why people become homeless and why it does not stop Homelessness is a problem that have getting out of hands because of not addressing the situation on time. The focus is not so much the why but, if it will ever stop. Homelessness is a phenomenon that has so much to address research has been done; it was discover that for our government to concentrate on the stop instead of the why. We know the why. The problem is to start by addressing the gender, the culture, the psychosocial of the individualRead MoreThe Third Article Is By Murali ( 2004 ) Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe third article is by Murali (2004). This article looks into poverty at a deeper level and explores how it directly and indirectly affects mental health. It looks at it in the context of the growing inequality between the classes. This article mainly focuses on the children and how their social class shapes their mental healt h. It is important to look at how it affects children, because the children as they grow can either accept it or work hard to change it. It is hard to see upward mobility fromRead MorePoverty Is An Overwhelming Word1688 Words   |  7 PagesGladys Castillo English 7 H Mrs. Martin November 4, 2015 Poverty Taking a Toll When you throw a pebble into water it sends ripples throughout it, likewise everything caused constitutionally creates an aftermath. Poverty is an overwhelming word because of the meaning and situation it carries, especially when a person is living in the state of poverty. This is a worldwide issue that you may find in many countries, never the less you see it everywhere and even when you don’t it’s there. MillionsRead MoreAnalysis Of Sandra Cisneros s The House On Mango Street Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdesire to escape their situation a necessity. Similar to Esperanza, a young teen today might not recognize the importance of education and instead believe the goal is to find a man to care for her. Esperanza remembers her mom advising her to never wait around for a man and forget about her future. The impoverished and uneducated parents of Mango Street are a negative influence on the children s education: â€Å"They are bad those Vargases, and how they can only help it with one mother who is always tired,Read MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?870 Words   |  4 Pagesincreases unemployment and poverty. Others believe it creates jobs, helps the economy and low-income families by giving them more money to give back to the economy. Doug Hall, director of the Economic Analysis and Research Network and David Cooper, Economic Analyst at the Economic Policy Institute, expressed how the increase in minimum wage affects certain genders, families, education backgrounds, ages, and the economy (Hall Cooper, 2014). It is said that the increase mainly affects women with a compromisingRead MoreAnalysis On The Result And Implication Of The Policy779 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessful public policy to focus on the poverty problem rather than others. The implementation of PNPM takes about two years to show some progress of success. As we can see from the table below, the number of poor people are decreasing gradually every year. However, the progress was showing a slow pace of decrease on the issue of poverty. There are several drawbacks come from the current representation of the poverty issue. Firstly, there is a great deal of misuse of the policy and miss-targetedRead MorePoverty Of The United States1663 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the reason for not ending the world-leading problem in the United States and in other countries? Are we capable of ending a monster that has taken the lives of children? Poverty is the monster that society worries about, especially the individuals who have to endure going days without eating and have to live in horrifying conditions. The United States has the world’s second highest poverty rate among children, and the children have no way of defeating it. Many different organizations,

Men Are More Likely to Commit Crime Than Women Free Essays

Criminal commitment is one of serious problem in society. There is a question that crime is committed by more men or women. Some people think that women are considered as higher rate in criminals than men. We will write a custom essay sample on Men Are More Likely to Commit Crime Than Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now In contrast, others, including me, are in favor of contrary opinion. The first reason is that men are usually quick-tempered. When, problems happen, instead of discuss gently to find out measures, men frequently talk loudly and beat others. For example, if an accident occurs, men are often furious. They also use rough word to talk. Thus, they possibly hit each other easily. Male self-esteem is quite high, too. Men, due to a little lack of respect from other people, will be angry easily. Additionally, men always want to be respected and admired by other people. They are proud of themselves and want that others also appreciate them. They find many ways to prove themselves. They do special or strange things to attract attention. They let others know that they have ability, power and strength. Many hackers just hack website because of simple reasons, such as demand in showing competence Finally, men are the backbones of families. They have to shoulder great responsibility. One of them is finance. Men are more likely need to find jobs which can help their families pay living expenses. However it is not easy. Consequently, they may earn money by illegal ways, such as: fraud, robbery, smuggling†¦ In some case, men commit crimes accidently. When their family is damaged by others, they are forced to fight in order to protect their family. There are quitter a lot of case that as a consequence of self-defense, men commit manslaughter. Concluded, men are easier becomes criminals than women because of their personality and responsibility. How to cite Men Are More Likely to Commit Crime Than Women, Papers

Accounting For Management Decision Accounting Policy

Question: Describe about the Report for Accounting For Management Decision of Accounting Policy. Answer: (a): Computation of Ratios for Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd for financial year 2014-15 Ratio Formula Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd. Working Figure Working Figure Profit Margin Net Profit/ Revenue 55000/300000 18.33% 65000/300000 21.67% Return on Equity Net Profit/ Equity 55000/330000 16.67% 65000/230000 28.26% Return on Assets Net Profit/ Total assets 55000/410000 13.41% 65000/310000 20.97% Current Ratio Current assets/Current liabilities 110000/30000 3.67 110000/30000 3.67 Asset Turnover Revenue/ Total assets 300000/410000 0.73 300000/310000 0.97 Debt Ratio Total debt/ total assets (410000-330000)/410000 0.20 (310000-230000)/310000 0.26 (b): Report on the performance and position of Tom Ltd and Jerry Ltd The financial performance of a company can be evaluated by analysing the profit margin and return on equity (Tracy, 2012). Thus, in order to analyse the financial performance of Tom and Jerry Ltd., the profit margin and return on equity ratios have been computed as shown below: Ratio Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd. Profit Margin 18.33% 21.67% Return on Equity 16.67% 28.26% From the data depicted above, it can be observed that Jerry Ltd has higher profit margin and return on equity than Tom Ltd, which indicates that it is performing better in comparison to Tom Ltd. Further, the management of Jerry Ltd. has also been found to be more efficient than that of Tom Ltd. This managements efficiency is depicted in the return on assets and the asset turnover ratio, which are presented below: Ratio Tom Ltd Jerry Ltd. Return on Assets 13.41% 20.97% Asset Turnover 0.73 0.97 The figures shown in the table presented above, it can be observed that Jerry Ltd. earning a return of 20.97% on the total assets deployed in the business, whereas, Tom Ltd. has only been able to manage a return of 13.41% on the assets. Moreover, the assets turnover ratio of Jerry Ltd. is also better than Tom Ltd., signifying the efficiency of the management in utilising the assets. The assets turnover ratio depicts that Jerry Ltd. generates $0.97 revenues by utilising the assets worth $1, whereas, Tom Ltd. generates only $0.73. Thus, the management of Jerry Ltd. can be said to be more efficient than Tom Ltd. Apart from analysing the profitability and management efficiency, it is also crucial to analyse the liquidity of the business. Current ratio is considered the most effective tool to evaluate the liquidity of a business (Tracy, 2012). In essence of this, the current ratio of Jerry Ltd. was computed and the figure has been found to be 3.67 times, which depicts the company reserves $3.67 in current assets to pay off current liabilities worth $1. Tom Ltd. was also found to be having the same current ratio as that of Jerry Ltd. Thus, on the part of liquidity, both the companies have been found to be well positioned. Evaluating solvency of the business, the debt ratio has been computed for Jerry and Tom Ltd. It has been found that debt ratio of Jerry Ltd. was 0.26 times and of that Tom Ltd. was 0.20 times. The debt ratio depicts the proportion of total assets being financed by debt (current as well as non-current), therefore, higher than ratio worse it will be for the business (Tracy, 2012). Both the companies have low debt ratio, therefore, there is no concern of the solvency for any of the companies. However, comparing them with each other, Tom Ltd. is better positioned as it has lower debt ratio compared to Jerry Ltd. Thus, the comparison of Jerry and Tom Ltd., based on the profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and solvency parameters, it has been analysed that Jerry Ltd is performing better than Tom Ltd. Further, leaving apart the slight difference in solvency measurement, Jerry Ltd. has outperformed Tom Ltd. in every aspect of business. The inventors evaluating Jerry and Tom Ltd. as an investment option are advised to opt for Jerry Ltd (Papadopoulos, 2011). (c): Importance of Identifying Accounting Policies in Ratio Analysis The ratio analysis is conducted on the basis of the information gathered from the financial statements of the business. Various accounting policies are applied in preparation of the financial statements, which may be different from organisation to organisation and period to period for the same organisation (Alayemi, 2015). The stock valuation, depreciation, goodwill amortisation, and investment valuation are some areas where different accounting policies could observed in different organisations. Further, an organisation could also change these accounting polices depending upon the importance and use over time (Alayemi, 2015). The impact of difference in accounting policies is observed on the items of the financial statements, which are used in ratio computations. Thus, before computing the ratios for analysis of the financial performance, one is needed to eliminate the impact of difference in accounting policies; else the interpretations drawn from ratio analysis would not be correc t (Rich et al., 2009). References Alayemi, S.A. 2015. Choice of Accounting Policy: Effects on Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements. American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 1(3), pp. 190-194. Papadopoulos, P. 2011. Investment report - fundamental analysis/ ratio analysis: comparative approach between two FTSE 100 corporations Vodafone plc and British telecom group. GRIN Verlag. Rich, J., Jones, J., Mowen, M., and Hansen, D. 2009. Cornerstones of financial accounting, current trends update. Cengage Learning. Tracy, A. 2012. Ratio analysis fundamentals: how 17 financial ratios can allow you to analyse any business on the planet. RatioAnalysis.net.

Management Perspective Report on Samsung †Free Samples

Question: Disscuss about the Management Perspective Report on Samsung. Answer: Introduction Samsung is a multinational electronics company headquartered in South Korea. The CEO of Samsung Jong-Yong Yun has played a vital role in incorporatingmanagement practices in the organization that fosters continuous improvement and has enabled the organization to overcome crisis related to finance. In Samsung, more than 1500 managers and employees underwent an in-house training session in Samsung and the employees of the organization were trained in Industrial Engineering concepts so that productivity of the employees in the organization increases. Samsung comply with laws and ethics; fulfill their social responsibility as global corporate citizen, they value environment, health and safety and respect customers. However, Samsung was allegedly using illegal labor practices for Chinese manufacturers which is an unethical practice (Samsung, 2017). Research Methodology The research will be based on secondary research. Resources from existing sources like journals, books, government data, website of Samsung and other sources which can be found offline and online will be utilized for this research. The findings from the secondary research will be the basis of the outcomes of the research. The response gained from various experts on differentconcepts of management like the role of managers in present competitive and dynamic environment of business, organizational structures, politics and communication and organizational diversity are studied and analyzed during the research. A positivism research philosophy is applied because the topic can be investigated in a logical manner by this philosophy. The approach for the research is deductive research because theories and concepts that already exist help in developing the case study for Samsung. Inductive approach is not chosen for developing the case study of Samsung as no new theories and models are devel oped. For this particular topic analytical or descriptive research design is chosen as the case study of Samsung is developed with the help of critical and detailed analysis of theories and concepts of the various areas ofmanagement (Panneerselvam, 2014). Strategies Managers are constantly trying to develop innovative the structure of an organization to increase organizational productivity. In recent days, virtual organizations has achieved competitive environment with the help of internet that has contributed to establish network structures of organization. In present business scenario, organizations are developing flatter structures to increase efficiency and reduce labor cost. Communication also plays a great role in organization and the major functions of communication are information, control, motivation and emotional express. Managers need to be effective communicators in a business organizations and they act as both sender and receiver of information. The channels of communication can be classified into rich or poor or lean. The rich communication channels like interviews and meetings are personal and two way communication medium from which fast feedback can be obtained, while lean channels are good for record keeping. There are different barriers to communication which include cultural barriers, language barriers, and psychological, relational and environmental barriers .A great manager must be aware of the strengths of employees, must contemplate on the triggers that activate the strengths of employees and must be aware about the learning styles of employees(hbr Management, 2017) Domnica (2012), states that leaders must focus on creating an innovative organization and develop strategies of continuous improvement to create a sustainable organization in todays volatile and competitive marketplace. Thus, leaders play a much more critical role as they have to align the strategies of an organization to the broader vision and mission of the organization while management is responsible to establish long-term goals, set budgets, plan and allocate resources. According to Longenecker, Neubert and Fink (2007),organizations must understand the factors that lead to managerial failure to avoid such fiasco and achieve desired re sults in todays business environment which is ultra-competitive. Ashford and Detert (2015), states that the middle level managers play a proactive role in organizations and take actions on issues which are of strategic importance to an organization like shift in technology and change in customer base. Thus, the top-down portray of strategies where the top managers play strategic roles and the middle-level managers simply follow these roles are not always true in present organizational setting. According to Gupta and Kurian (2006), organizations need to re-invent their work process and structures to survive in the dynamic marketplace of the present business scenario. According to Kassing (2009), employees accounted for circumvention by supervisor performance, supervisor inaction and supervisor indiscretion.According to Merindol Versailles (2007), the distribution of responsibility in the command and control (C2) chain, is impacted by the implementation of information and communicati on technologies (ICTs). It is found that introduction of new technologies sometimes favor centralization and sometimes it leads to decentralization. Morgan (2003), states that the chain of command protocols are often misunderstood by employees. Alimo?Metcalfe (2010), investigated constructs of leadership qualities in male and female and found out that the mens descriptors linked to transactional leadership while that of female led to notions of transformational leadership. Leonardo (2005), revealed that the critical race theory originated in the civil rights movement in the United States of America and this theory is associated with critical legal studies, discrimination in education, freedom of speech, racial discrimination and in the 1990s scholars in education applied this theory to evaluate educational policies. According to Moreton-Robinson (2004), whiteness was considered an invisible norm in the society against which judgment about other races were developed. These theories a re critical in studying the organizational diversity of business organizations. Olsson and Walker (2003), interviewed 10 male and 10 female executives from New Zealand and found out that in corporate world behavior of men and women are perceived through gendered lens. Tienari, Vaara and Merilinen (2010), has found out that top managers have masculine identity in global organizations. These management concepts are used to analyze a case study report of Samsung. Ethical acumen-Case of Samsung The business activities of Samsung strictly follow ethical code of conduct and the organization abides by laws and regulations and practices fair competition (Chen et al., 2015). The organization follows ethics like the organization never makes use of the trade secrets of competitors and do not access their confidential information. Samsung never uses power of coercion to achieve any advantage that can be harmful to the interests of customers or partners of the organization. Samsung also never engages into practices like price fixing or bid collusion. The organization ensures not to abuse a market position that is dominant and never includes unwanted items during sales transaction (Crane Matten, 2016). The code of conduct of Samsung is composed of 5 management principles. Values l like restriction to discriminate against gender and nationality, protection of privacy of customers, opening of business information which is transparent are some of the ethical practices that are adopted by Samsung (Samsung, 2017). The five principles of management practiced by Samsung are as follows 1) Laws and ethical standards are followed in Samsung 2) The organizational structure of Samsung has clarity 3) Samsung cares for environment, safety and health 4) Samsung acts like a corporate citizen who is socially responsible 5) Shareholders, employees and customers are respected by Samsung. Samsung electronics follows code of conduct like injustice behavior such as bribery is prohibited in the organization. Samsung has to abide by the healthy organization structure of the Company to prevent the illegalities the employees. The human resource management of Samsung also focuses on International labor standards and local labor laws are and workplace diversity is fostered in Samsung. The organizations like Samsung should avoid biases and discrimination based on gender, race, religion or ethnicity (Parrott, 2014). Role and legitimacy of the management function and impact of politics and the social environment The management of Samsung focuses on providing more autonomy to employees, and to improve the process of works several initiatives are taken by Samsung. For instance, incentives are provided to employees for filing patents. Thus more than 3000 patents were filed in the year 2008 in Samsung (Samsung, 2017). The management of Samsung focuses on its core capabilities to develop products which create greater value for customers. Samsung collaborates with retailers to provide them information about the designs of products customers want and feedbacks from customers are used to enhance the design of products and also to bring new product lines in the market. The organization structure in Samsung is open with less layers of bureaucracy. This enables managers of Samsung to get a faster approval for new products and other plans like budgeting and marketing plans in Samsung do not have to wait for long procedures of approval. The management of Samsung removed bureaucratic obstacles and thus it was possible for the organization to invest in key technologies to enhance innovative design of products. Samsung has a talent pool of engineers, managers and designers who provide their innovative ideas to top management. The organization has also opened centers for design and a two-way mirror was provide d to designers to observe the behavior of customers and their response to a particular design was noted. Samsung is a learning organization and the Company makes investment to educate and train its employees. The managers of the organization formulate learning objectives along with the employees. The global competencies of the employees of Samsung are fostered by the organization and Samsung has introduced various courses in foreign language train employees for overseas assignment (Park-Barjot, 2014). The social norms have changed and organizations have a larger number of female workforces. Thus to foster creativity among employees and to retain them, the management of Samsung allows them to maintain a healthy work-life balance. The organization also provides a vacation for the self-management of employees. In order to increase the satisfaction level among employees, Samsung cares about the health of the employees and organizes welfare programs to secure the post-retirement life of the employees(Samsung, 2017).Corporate pension program, medical subsidies, employment insurance and compensation insurance are some of the welfare measures that Samsung has implemented for the employees. However, it has been found that recently employees of Samsung have worked for more than 16 hours each day in the Chinese manufacturing firm with one day off every month. Employees who were below 16 years of age were also hired. Also the explosion of Samsung Galaxy Note 7 due to overheating of faulty batteries was an unethical practice of Samsung that led to customer harassment and the organization had to recall 2 million devices and discontinue the product. Also recently the heir of Samsung, Jay Y lee was jailed for 5 years in a bribery case (ethical issues of Samsung, 2017). Qualitative Analysis The plans of the managers of Samsung involve innovation in process, products and personnel. The managers of the organization involved in strategic plans by focusing on product innovation. The product lines of Samsung that do not produce desired rate of return for the organization are pruned , for instance products like juicers and electronic pagers of the organization was replaced with hi-tech goods of high-margin like mobile phones and music players. The focus of Samsung on higher-end products also helped Samsung to increase the brand value of the Company. Samsung also adopted the concept of Just-In-Time technology to reduce inventory level and the concept of make-to-order production in Samsung also helped Samsung in process innovation (SEYEDI PAKNEZHAD, 2015). However the flaws in manufacturing and battery design caused explosion of Samsung Galaxy Note 7 for which the organization had to recall 2 million devices in 2016 which has cost the company 5.3 billion dollar. In manufacturi ng firms of Samsung, young workers were hired for overtime work to cut cost and maximize profit. Also, Lee Jae-yong was provided offered $ 38 million bribes to gain support of President Park Geun-hye of South Korea. This briery was given to get help of government related to a merger that would strengthen control of Lee over Samsung at a crucial time (ethical issues of Samsung, 2017). Conclusion The management system in Samsung is open and the managers of the organization appreciate suggestions and ideas from employees. The knowledge management system of Samsung helps employees to share knowledge and expertise. Ethical practices of Samsung ensure compliance with law, respect for all stakeholders including customers and employees. 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